Efecto del entrenamiento musical en las funciones ejecutivas: un meta-análisis
Keywords:
Funciones ejecutivas, música, meta análisis, transferencia, entrenamientoAbstract
En los últimos años ha surgido la interrogante de si es posible entrenar las funciones ejecutivas y se considera que la música, por su alto nivel de complejidad, genera un efecto en estos procesos. Pese a que se ha encontrado una relación entre un entrenamiento musical y las funciones ejecutivas, estos resultados son contradictorios y no existe una estimación cuantitativa de la fuerza de esta posible asociación o bien, estudios que integren los resultados de investigaciones similares para esclarecer la problemática planteada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar meta-analíticamente el efecto del entrenamiento musical sobre el procesamiento ejecutivo, así como identificar potenciales variables moderadoras. Se encontró un tamaño de efecto moderado (d=.51) el cual indica que las personas que recibieron un entrenamiento musical presentaron un mejor desempeño en las tareas de funciones ejecutivas en comparación a los participantes que no estuvieron expuestos a un entrenamiento de esta naturaleza.
References
Bialystok, E. & Pape, M. (2009). Musical expertise, bilingualism, and executive functioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(2), 565-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012735
*Biasutti, M., & Mangiacotti, A. (2017). Assessing a cognitive music training for older participants: a randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.4721
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J., and Rothstein, H. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Res. Synth. Method, 1: 97–111. doi:10.1002/jrsm.12
Bugos, J. (2004). The effect of individualized piano instruction on executive functions in older adults (ages 60-85) (Tesis doctoral). De la base de datos de Proquest Dissertion and Theses.
*Bugos, J., & DeMarie, D. (2017). The effects of a short-term music program on preschool children’s executive functions. Psychology of Music, 1-13.
*Bugos, J., Perlstein, W., McCrae, C., Brophy, T., & Bedenbaugh, P. (2007). Individualized piano instruction enhances executive functioning and working memory in older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 11(4), 464-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607860601086504
Buonomano, D., & Merzenich, M. (1998). Cortical plasticity: from synapses to maps. Annual review of neuroscience, 21(1), 149-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149
Brehmer, Y., Westerberg, H., & Bäckman, L. (2012). Working-memory training in younger and older adults: Training gains, transfer, and maintenance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6(63), 1-7. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00063
Caterral, J (1998). Does experience in the arts boost academic achievement? Art Education, 51, 6-11.
Chang, A., Chi Ho, Y., Chun Cheung, M. (1998). Music training improves verbal memory. Nature, 396, 128.
Cochran, W. (1954). Some Methods for Strengthening the Common χ2 Tests. Biometrics, 10(4), 417-451. doi:10.2307/3001616
Dahlin, E., Nyberg, L., Bäckman, L., & Stigsdotter Neely, A. (2008). Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: Immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 720-730. doi: 10.1037/a0014296.
Degé, F., Kubicek, C., & Schwarzer, G. (2011). Music lessons and intelligence: A relation mediated by executive functions. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 29(2), 195-201.
De Luca, C., Wood, S., Anderson, V., Buchanan, J., Proffitt, T., Mahony, K. & Pantelis, C. (2003). Normative data from the CANTAB. I: development of executive function over the lifespan. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 25(2), 242-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jcen.25.2.242.13639
Diamond, A. (2003). Executive Functions. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 64,135–68.
Franklin, M., Moore., Yip., Jonides, J., Rattray, K.. y Moher, J. (2008). The effects of musical training on verbal memory. Psychology of Music. 36, 353-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735607086044
Hanna-Pladdy, B., & MacKay, A. (2011). The relation between instrumental musical activity and cognitive aging. Neuropsychology, 25(3), 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021895
Hedayati, N., Schibli, K., & D’Angiulli, A. (2016). El Sistema-inspired ensemble music training is associated with changes in children’s neurocognitive functional integration: preliminary ERP evidence. Neurocase, 22(6), 538-547.
Herholz, S., & Zatorre, R. (2012). Musical training as a framework for brain plasticity: behavior, function, and structure. Neuron, 76(3), 486-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.011
*Hernández, M. & Villalobos, F. (2013). Efecto de la práctica individualizada en piano sobre las funciones ejecuti8vas de niños y niñas preescolares del área metropolitana de Costa Rica. Tesis para optar por el grado de licenciatura en Psicología. Universidad de Costa Rica.
Higgins, J. & Thompson, S. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21, 1539–1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186
*Janus, M., Lee, Y., Moreno, S., & Bialystok, E. (2016). Effects of short-term music and second-language training on executive control. Journal of experimental child psychology, 144, 84-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.11.009
Karbach, J., & Kray, J. (2009). How useful is executive control training? Age differences in near and far transfer of task‐switching training. Developmental science, 12(6), 978-990.
Magee, W., Clark, I., Tamplin, J., & Bradt, J. (2017). Music intervention for acquired brain injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006787.pub3.
Miyake, A. & Friedman, N. (2012). The Nature and Organization of Individual Differences in Executive Functions: Four General Conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429458
Miyake, A., Friedman, N., Emerson, M., Witzki, A. & Howerter, A. (2000). The Unity and diversity of Executive Functions and Their Contributions to Complex “Frontal Lobe” Tasks: A Latent Variable Analysis. Cognitive Psychology 41, 49–100.
Moreno, S., Bialystok, E., Barac, R., Schellenberg, E. G., Cepeda, N. J., y Chau, T. (2011). Short-term music training enhances verbal intelligence and executive function. Psychological Science, 22, 1425-1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611416999
Moreno, S., & Bidelman, G. M. (2014). Examining neural plasticity and cognitive benefit through the unique lens of musical training. Hearing research, 308, 84-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2013.09.012
Moreno, S., & Farzan, F. (2015). Music training and inhibitory control: a multidimensional model. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1337(1), 147-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12674
Okada, M. (2016). Musical training and executive functions (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park).
Pallesen, K. J., Brattico, E., Bailey, C. J., Korvenoja, A., Koivisto, J., Gjedde, A., & Carlson, S. (2010). Cognitive control in auditory working memory is enhanced in musicians. PloS one, 5(6), e11120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011120
Parbery-Clark, A., Skoe, E., Lam, C., y Kraus, N. (2009). Musician enhancement for speech-in-noise. Ear and Hearing, 30, 653-661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181b412e9
Rausher, F., Shaw, G y Ky, K (1995). Listening to Mozart enhances spatial-temporal reasoning: towards a neurophysiological basis. Neuroscience Letter, 185, 44-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(94)11221-4
Rauscher, F., Zupan M. (2000). Classroom Keyboard Instruction Improves Kindergarten Children's Spatial-Temporal Performance: A Field Experiment. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 15, 215-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(00)00050-8
*Roden, I., Grube, D., Bongrad, S y Kreutz, G (2014). Does music training enhance working memory performance? Findings from a quasi-experimental longitudinal study. Psychology of Music, 42(2) 284–298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735612471239
Rosenthal, R. (1995). How To Write Meta Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 118(2), 183–192.
Schmidt, F y Hunter, J (2003). Meta-Analysis. Schinka, R., Velicer, W y Weiner, I (Eds) Handbook of Psychology: Research Methods on Psychology (533-554). Jonh Wiley and Sons.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei0221
Strait, D., y Kraus, N. (2011). Playing music for a smarter ear: Cognitive, perceptual, and neurobiological evidence. Music Perception, 29, 133-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2011.29.2.133
Shellenber, G. (2011) Examining the association between music lessons and intelligence. British Journal of Psychology, 102, 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.2010.02000.x
Thomas, J. R., & French, K. E. (1986). The use of meta-analysis in exercise and sport: A
tutorial. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 57(3), 196–204
Thomas, J., & Nelson, J. (2007). Métodos de investigación en actividad física. España:Human Kinetics
von Bastian, C., & Oberauer, K. (2014). Effects and mechanisms of working memory training: a review. Psychological Research, 78(6), 803-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-013-0524-6
Zelazo, P., Muller, U. (2005). Hot and Cold Aspects of Executive Function: Relation in Early Development. En Schneider, W (Ed), Young Children Cognitive Development. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Zuk, J., Benjamin, C., Kenyon, A., & Gaab, N. (2014). Behavioral and neural correlates of executive functioning in musicians and non-musicians. PloS one, 9(6), e99868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099868
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mónica Hernández Campos, Vanessa Smith-Castro, Odir Rodríguez Villagra, Mauricio Molina Delgado
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Tables, illustrations, and multimedia files included in the work must be accompanied with a statement in which the author declares he/she is allowed to reproduce them, either by transfer of rights or author’s ownership, covered by a "Creative Commons” license or that are public domain.