Estudio multi-caso sobre disfunciones vocales en futuros maestros de música: una aproximación biopsicosocial
Keywords:
docencia musical, salud vocal, disfonía, formación del profesorado, enfoque biopsicosocialAbstract
La profesión docente supone un uso intensivo de la voz como medio comunicativo y herramienta básica para gestión de la actividad en el aula. En el caso particular del docente de música, la salud y plenitud de sus capacidades fonadoras tiene una gran repercusión en la calidad y autosatisfacción de su vida laboral diaria. En esta investigación se indaga en las causas y consecuencias de las disfunciones vocales en futuros maestros de música. Se centra la atención en elementos biopsicosociales ligados a la personalidad, las conductas y las expectativas de la muestra, consistente en cinco casos seleccionados entre los estudiantes (n=124) de la mención de música en educación primaria de un centro universitario español de formación de profesorado. Para ello, se realizan entrevistas individuales en doble sesión, incluyendo ejercicios individuales de fonación, grabadas en video para su posterior análisis. También se aplica a la muestra la prueba de personalidad NEO PI-R, en versión online, de formato y corrección estandarizados para la población que corresponde. Tras un análisis exploratorio, categorización y triangulación de las fuentes, los resultados revelan una fuerte correspondencia entre elementos de personalidad ligados al neuroticismo, y los relacionados con los factores de responsabilidad. A la vez, se hallan antecedentes y desencadenantes críticos, como aquellos vinculados al entorno familiar y a conductas coincidentes. Se concluye en la trascendencia de las disfunciones vocales para el futuro profesional del alumno, origen de angustia e incertidumbre, ante lo cual se requiere acompañamiento y prevención.
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